Faults
A fault is a break in the rocks that make up the earth's crust, along which on either side rocks move pass eachother. Larger faults are mostly from action occuring in earth's plates. A fault line is the trace of a fault, or the line of intersection between the fault line and the earth's surface.
Stike-slip faults are vertical (or nearly vertical) fractures where the blocks have mostly moved horizontally. If the block opposite an observer looking across the fault moves to the right, the slip style is termed right lateral; if the block moves to the left, the motion is termed left lateral.
Stike-slip faults are vertical (or nearly vertical) fractures where the blocks have mostly moved horizontally. If the block opposite an observer looking across the fault moves to the right, the slip style is termed right lateral; if the block moves to the left, the motion is termed left lateral.
Dip-slip faults are inclined fractures where the blocks have mostly shifted vertically. If the rock mass above an inclined fault moves down, the fault is termed normal, whereas if the rock above the fault moves up, the fault is termed reverse.
A transform fault is a special variety of strike-slip fault that accommodates relative horizontal slip between other tectonic elements, such as oceanic crustal plates. Often extend from oceanic ridges.
Folds
A fold is when one or more originally bent surfaces are bent or curved as the reasult of peremanant deformation.
Folding and Warping
Syncline and anticline are terms used to describe folds based on the relative ages of folded rock layers. A syncline is a fold in which the youngest rocks occur in the core of a fold (i.e. closest to the fold axis), whereas the oldest rocks occur in the core of an anticline.
Types Of Folds
Anticline: Linear with dip away from the center
Syncline: Linear with dip twords the center
Monocline: Linear with dip in one direction between horizontal layers on each side.
Basin: Non-Lineat with dip twoards all center directions.
Dome: Non-Linear with dip away from center in all directions.